Periodization-
The beginning of the second part of period 7 was marked with a landmark step for the progressive movement, the Nineteenth Amendment to the constitution which gave women a right to vote for the first time in the history of America. The following decade was marked primarily by relative economic prosperity until the stock market crash in 1929. |
When FDR took office, he held what are called the "first 100 days" which were a special session of congress in which he passed several pieces of legislation meant to help the crisis in America. Some of these include the "bank holiday", establishment of the FDIC through the Glass-Steagall Act, National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA), and establishment of the Civilian Conservation Corps. These are all what are part of what we call the "New Deal." This was the plan of FDR to fix the economic depression in the United States. This deal was also in three parts, relief, recovery, and reform. This is the time in the U.S. that the government was most arguably most influential in the average citizen's life and set a standard for a bigger government in the coming decades. We still have some of the programs that were instituted during this time period such as social security.
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This decade was mostly marked by a theme of hostility towards immigrants and legislation passed symbolizes this sentiment. This legislation included the Emergency Quota Act and the National Origins Act. It is also symbolized by the execution of Sacco and Vanzetti.
After the election of Herbert Hoover, we see the stock market crash of 1929 and the beginning of the Great Depression. We see the passage of the Hawley-Smoot tariff that may have contributed to expanding the depression to some point internationally. During Hoover's presidency, we see the Bonus March by war veterans and the establishment of what were dubbed as "Hoovervilles." Hoovers inaction are what led to the election of Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932.
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In the early 1940s, we obviously were no shape to be a part of a war, but our stance on neutrality would gradually lean more towards intervention as the conflicts in Europe escalated. during this time, we see the first peacetime draft, the Selective Service Act, and see the U.S. foreign policy progress from the Cash and Carry policy, to the lend-lease act.
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Ultimately, we are brought to war by the tragic attacks on Pearl Harbor. This event pulled us into World War II. In the coming years, we see the persecution of Japanese-Americans during the war, the Supreme Court Case Korematsu v. United States and the effective end of the war when the United States dropped the first atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. During this war, countless Americans would die and residual tensions would ultimately lead to the Cold War.